How to Open a Bank Account

Opening a bank account in person or online is a straightforward process requiring specific documents. Unique circumstances, such as being a minor or a non-U.S. resident, may require additional steps and alternate documents.

By Nathan Paulus

Edited by Jonathan Ramos

Updated: November 6, 2024

Advertising & Editorial Disclosure

A woman opens a bank account using her smartphone.

Having a bank account is both a convenience and a necessity these days. Yet according to a 2021 Federal Reserve report, 6% of adults in the United States do not have a bank account. Even more are “underbanked,” meaning they have a bank account but often rely on alternative financial sources (like pawn shop loans, payday loans, auto title loans, money orders, check cashing services and tax refund advances). The percentage of unbanked and underbanked people is also higher among Black and Hispanic adults, as well as those with lower income and less education.

Our guide breaks down the process of opening a bank account to help you gain knowledge and confidence while navigating your banking journey. It also addresses common banking challenges faced by those who are minors, non-U.S. citizens or are unhoused.

Key Takeaways: Opening a Bank Account

While opening a bank account is straightforward for most, specific groups—such as non-U.S. residents, minors and unhoused individuals—face unique challenges. Specialized services, alternative IDs and supportive banking options are available to assist them.

Key documents for opening an account include a government-issued ID, proof of address and an SSN or ITIN. Banks may accept alternative forms of ID for those lacking standard documents, expanding accessibility.

Opening a bank account in person offers personalized support, while online applications provide convenience and flexibility. Each method comes with unique benefits based on individual banking needs.

Monthly maintenance, overdraft and ATM fees can impact financial stability. Understanding fee structures and choosing accounts that align with your financial habits can minimize these costs.

Those with prior banking issues may still access accounts through “second chance” programs, which cater to individuals working to rebuild their banking history.

Understanding the Basics of Bank Accounts

A bank account is a financial arrangement with a bank that allows you to deposit, store and withdraw money. Its primary purpose is to keep your funds safe and accessible, as well as to earn potential interest.

There are several types of bank accounts tailored to different needs:

Type of Bank Account	Purpose	Key Features	Potential Benefits
Savings Account	Accumulate interest on funds for future needs	Pays interest on deposits Limited withdrawals (usually up to six per month)	Helps build a savings habit Some offer tiered interest rates based on your balance
Checking Account	Daily transactions	Debit card for purchases and ATM withdrawals May include paper checks Can be linked to other bank accounts	Easy access to funds Overdraft protection options Mobile banking and bill pay
Money Market Account	Combines features of checking and savings	Earns interest May offer check-writing and debit card access Typically requires a higher balance	Higher interest rates than regular savings Flexibility of both checking and savings
Certificate of Deposit (CD)	Time-bound deposit for a set period	Fixed interest rate for a specified term Early withdrawals can result in penalties	Guaranteed return on investment Wide range of terms available, from a few months to several years
Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs)	Independent retirement savings	Comes in Traditional IRA and Roth IRA Tax advantages vary by type	Tax-deferred or tax-free growth Potential for compound interest over time Helps secure financial future

What Do You Need to Open a Bank Account?

Government-Issued ID

Banks need to verify your identity through a government-issued ID such as a driver's license, passport or state ID. Your ID should have your photo, name, address and date of birth.

Social Security Number (SSN) or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN)

This is required for tax purposes and to check your financial history. If you don't have an SSN, an ITIN can often be used (especially for non-U.S. residents).

Proof of Address

Whether a recent utility bill or lease agreement, your proof of address confirms your current residence and ensures the bank can send you critical documents.

Initial Deposit

Some banks require a minimum deposit amount to open an account, often ranging from $25 to $100. This is more common for interest-bearing accounts.

MONEYGEEK TIP: CHOOSING A BANK

Choosing the right bank is all about partnering with an institution that can offer security, tools and resources to help you make informed financial decisions. Factors to consider include:

Fees and Charges: Ensure the bank's fee structure is transparent and aligns with how you plan to use the account.
Accessibility: Consider branch locations, ATM availability and online banking features.
Customer Service: A bank with prompt and helpful service can make all the difference.
Products and Services: Look for a bank that offers a range of products — from savings accounts to loans — tailored to your needs.

How to Open a Bank Account in Person

Opening a bank account in person might seem traditional, but it offers the advantage of personalized service and immediate assistance. If you appreciate face-to-face interactions and hands-on guidance, here's a step-by-step guide to opening a bank account at a physical branch.

1
Research and Choose a Bank
Consider factors like location, banking products and customer reviews to find a bank that aligns with your needs. You may consider an inclusive bank that uniquely supports your community, like a Black-owned financial institution.
2
Gather Necessary Documentation
Ensure you have all required documents, typically a government-issued ID, proof of address and your SSN or ITIN.
3
Visit the Bank Branch
Head to your chosen bank's nearest branch. It's advisable to visit during non-peak hours for quicker service.
4
Speak With a Bank Representative
Upon arrival, approach the service desk and express your intent to open an account. They'll direct you to the right representative.
5
Review Account Options
The bank representative will present various account types. Discuss your financial goals to get recommendations tailored to your needs.
6
Complete the Application
Fill out the bank's application form. Ask the representative to guide you through any unclear sections.
7
Make an Initial Deposit (if Required)
Some accounts may require an initial deposit. You can do this via cash, check or a transfer from another account.
8
Set Up Online or Mobile Banking
Having online access can be beneficial even if you prefer in-person banking. The representative can help set this up and guide you on its usage.
9
Collect Your Banking Tools
Once your account is set up, you'll receive items like a checkbook, debit card and any relevant brochures or information.
10
Confirm All Details
Before leaving, ensure you understand all features of your new account, fees and any other relevant details.

MONEYGEEK TIP: COMMON BANK ACCOUNT FEES

When opening your account, ask your bank representative about potential fees to avoid surprises. Some common ones include:

Monthly Maintenance Fees: Some accounts charge a fee if you don't maintain a minimum balance or meet other criteria.
ATM Fees: Using an ATM outside your bank's network might incur charges.
Overdraft Fees: You could be charged an overdraft fee if your spending exceeds your account balance.
Wire Transfer Fees: Sending or receiving money — especially internationally — might come with a fee.

How to Open a Bank Account Online

Opening a bank account online offers speed, flexibility and the comfort of handling finances from anywhere. If you're considering this approach, here are the steps to take to ensure a smooth online banking setup.

1
Research Banks and Account Types
Explore different banks and the accounts they offer. Look for online reviews, products, fees and any digital features that appeal to you.
2
Visit the Bank's Website or App
Navigate to the official website or mobile app of your chosen bank. Look for "Open an Account" or a similar option.
3
Choose the Desired Account Type
From savings to checking or specialized accounts, select the one that aligns with your financial goals.
4
Fill Out the Application Form
Provide personal details such as your name, address, employment information and SSN or ITIN. Ensure all details are accurate to avoid any hiccups.
5
Upload Necessary Documentation
Scan and upload required documents like your government-issued ID and proof of address. Most banks have secure systems for document submission.
6
Review and Agree to Terms
Carefully read the terms and conditions, fee structure and any other relevant policies. Once you understand and agree, proceed with the application.
7
Make an Initial Deposit (if Required)
Some online accounts require an initial deposit. This can be done via a bank transfer, credit or debit card or a check through mobile deposit.
8
Set Up Online Banking Credentials
Create a username and strong password for your online banking portal. Ensure these details are unique and secure.
9
Activate Additional Features
Set up features like mobile banking, e-statements and account alerts for a tailored banking experience.
10
Await Confirmation
Once you've submitted your application, the bank will review it. You'll typically receive an email confirmation once your account is active.

What to Do When Can’t You Open a Bank Account

Although banks aim to serve a broad spectrum of customers, some individuals face challenges in opening a bank account. Understanding the potential roadblocks and your alternatives can help you find the banking solution for your needs.

Poor Credit History

A low credit score or negative items on a credit report can raise red flags for banks, making them hesitant to open an account with you.

Solution: Consider banks that don't conduct credit checks or specifically cater to those with poor credit.

Previous Banking Issues

Many banks record unpaid bank fees, bounced checks or involuntarily closed accounts in reports like ChexSystems to assess risk.

Solution: Seek out banks that don't use ChexSystems or that offer "second chance" accounts designed for those with past banking challenges.

Insufficient Identification

Lacking proper identification documents, such as a government-issued ID or Social Security number, can be a barrier to opening an account.

Solution: Seek banks that accept alternative forms of ID or work with local programs to assist those without standard identification.

Non-U.S. Residency

Non-residents might face challenges due to a lack of U.S. credit history or unfamiliarity with banking norms.

Solution: Look for banks that cater to international customers and accept foreign identification and documentation.

History of Fraud

Banks may deny an account to someone with a record of fraudulent activities related to banking.

Solution: Try to rebuild trust. Starting with a prepaid debit card can be a step towards re-establishing a positive banking relationship.

Unresolved Bank Debts

Outstanding debts with a bank — like unpaid loans or overdrafts — can prevent the opening of a new account.

Solution: Address and clear any outstanding debts. Some banks might also offer debt consolidation or counseling services to assist you.

Opening a Bank Account as a Non-US Resident

Navigating the U.S. banking system as a non-resident can be challenging due to stringent regulations and varied requirements across institutions. Here are some tips:

Identification

The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 made identity verification a legal requirement for opening a bank account. Although U.S. citizens typically use a Social Security number to open bank accounts, non-citizens might use an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). Some banks recognize the challenges non-residents face and accept alternative IDs such as foreign passports, certain consular IDs or foreign driver’s licenses.

General Requirements

Prepare your contact details, at least two forms of government-issued ID, a utility bill showing your current address and a cash deposit (usually between $25 and $100). These requirements can differ depending on the bank and state you live in.

Modern Banking Apps

Some modern banking platforms — like Wallet by BOSS Money — accept a foreign government ID to simplify the process for non-citizens.

Large Banks

Institutions like US Bank, TD Bank and Bank of America might allow non-residents to set up accounts using an ITIN and other specific documents. However, the requirements may be more stringent than at smaller banks.

Corporate Accounts

If you're setting up a corporate bank account, ensure your business is based in the U.S. You'll need documents like a government-issued ID, proof of address and articles of incorporation.

Additional Services

Some banks provide international wire transfer services, currency exchange or financial advisory services tailored for non-residents.

Bank Account Options for Minors

Opening a bank account for a minor is a great way to start teaching kids about money. Here's what you need to know.

Account Type	Description	Age Range	Key Features	Control
Joint Bank Account	Shared between a child and an adult	All ages	Shared access, influenced by state laws	Joint Control
Kids Saving Account	Interest-earning account	All ages	Potential for higher interest with online banks and credit unions	Typically joint until a certain age
Teen Checking Account	Suitable for regular transactions	13+	Designed for everyday use; may come with a debit card	Typically joint until a certain age
Custodial Account	Investment-focused accounts	All ages	Designed for long-term savings or investment	Minor gains full control at 18
Prepaid Debit Card for Teens	Spend only the amount loaded	Typically 13+	Safe environment for learning about spending and budgeting	Controlled by the amount loaded

Required Documents

Gathering the proper documents is the first step to a smooth account opening process for your child. Here are the things you'll need to prepare:

Adult's identification (e.g., driver's license or passport).
Adult's Social Security number.
Adult's existing bank account details (some banks link the child's account to the adult's).
Minor's identification (e.g., birth certificate or school ID).
Initial deposit, which can range from $0 to $25.

Choosing the Right Account

Select the right account that works for you and your child:

Determine the account's purpose: savings, spending or both.
Consider your banking habits as a parent. If you're comfortable with online banking, an online account for your child may be suitable.

Account Management

Effective account management ensures your child's financial journey is safe and educational. Consider the following:

Some accounts have features allowing parents to oversee transactions, set withdrawal limits and receive alerts.
Be aware of age-specific rules, such as minimum age requirements for account holders and transition points where account control or type may change.
Some accounts transition to traditional savings accounts once the child reaches a certain age.
Stay informed about potential fees like monthly charges or fees for using out-of-network ATMs.

Opening a Bank Account as an Unhoused Person

Having a bank account can be a crucial step towards stability and building one's life. But for individuals experiencing homelessness, accessing basic financial services can be a significant challenge for the following reasons:

Lack of Documentation: Many unhoused individuals may not have the identification documents — such as a driver's license, passport or birth certificate — typically needed to open a bank account.
No Fixed Address: Banks often require proof of address, which someone without a permanent residence may lack.
Banking Fees: Monthly maintenance fees, minimum balance requirements and overdraft fees can be burdensome for those with limited income.

Solutions and Workarounds

Despite the challenges, there are tailored banking solutions that cater to the needs of those experiencing homelessness:

Alternative Identification: Some banks accept alternative forms of ID, such as ID cards issued by shelters or nonprofit organizations.
Second Chance Accounts: For those who have had banking challenges in the past, some institutions offer "second chance" accounts that come with certain restrictions and can be a stepping stone to getting a regular account.
Prepaid Debit Cards: Although not a replacement for a bank account, prepaid cards can facilitate monetary transactions. Be aware of any fees associated with these cards.

Seeking Assistance

Explore supportive organizations and services that actively bridge the gap between banking and the unhoused community:

Local Nonprofits: Organizations like Health Care for the Homeless assist individuals experiencing homelessness in navigating the banking system.
Financial Counseling: Some shelters, agencies and organizations like the National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC) offer financial counseling to help people understand banking and money management.

Frequently Asked Questions About Opening a Bank Account

To help make the process more understandable, MoneyGeek has compiled answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about opening a bank account:

How much money do you need to open a bank account?

Although many banks allow customers to open an account with no minimum deposit, some require an initial deposit ranging from $25 to $100. It's best to check with the specific bank for its requirements.

How old do you have to be to open a bank account?

Typically, you must be 18 to open a bank account independently. Minors can open joint or custodial accounts with an adult co-owner.

How long does it take to open a bank account?

Depending on verification processes, opening an account in person can take a few hours to a day. Online applications may get approved instantly or take a few business days.

Can I open a bank account if I have no money?

Yes, several banks offer accounts with no initial deposit requirement. However, it's wise to be aware of any potential monthly fees if a minimum balance isn't maintained.

About Nathan Paulus

Nathan Paulus is the Head of Content Marketing at MoneyGeek, with nearly 10 years of experience researching and creating content related to personal finance and financial literacy.

Paulus has a bachelor's degree in English from the University of St. Thomas, Houston. He enjoys helping people from all walks of life build stronger financial foundations.

Read Full Bio »

sources

Federal Reserve. "Changes in U.S. Family Finances from 2016 to 2019: Evidence From the Survey of Consumer Finances." Accessed November 6, 2024.
Federal Reserve. "Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2021." Accessed November 6, 2024.
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. "“USA PATRIOT Act." Accessed November 6, 2024.

How to Open a Bank Account

Key Takeaways: Opening a Bank Account

Understanding the Basics of Bank Accounts

What Do You Need to Open a Bank Account?

Government-Issued ID

Social Security Number (SSN) or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN)

Proof of Address

Initial Deposit

How to Open a Bank Account in Person

Research and Choose a Bank

Gather Necessary Documentation

Visit the Bank Branch

Speak With a Bank Representative

Review Account Options

Complete the Application

Make an Initial Deposit (if Required)

Set Up Online or Mobile Banking

Collect Your Banking Tools

Confirm All Details