If someone breaks your car window to steal something from inside or damages the window during a theft attempt, comprehensive coverage should cover the cost of repair or replacement minus your deductible. Note that comprehensive coverages will only cover repairs or replacements, not the stolen items.
If you have personal property coverage as part of your homeowners or renters insurance, you might be reimbursed for items stolen from your car. This coverage is separate from car insurance and has its own limits and deductibles.