Collision coverage in your car insurance policy can help pay to repair damage to your car after hitting a pothole, including dented rims, suspension issues or even steering problems. However, the cost for minor cosmetic damage might not exceed your deductible, in which case it doesn't make sense to file a claim. You'll end up paying the same amount out of pocket without help from the insurance, and your premiums may increase as a result of having a claim on your record.
Depending on where you live, your local government could also reimburse you for pothole-related expenses.