Parent’s Guide to Creating a Safe Home for Children With Disabilities

Collaborate with health care providers or seek expert guidance because they have in-depth knowledge of your child's medical condition and can identify specific needs. Also consider engaging occupational therapists, physical therapists and assistive technology specialists. Organizations like the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) can help individuals find qualified therapists.

Start by identifying the areas your child frequents the most. These spaces should be at the forefront of your modification plans. For example, if the living room is their favorite spot, ensure it's safe and easily accessible.

Before making any changes, walk through your home and try to foresee potential risks. For instance, if you're installing a ramp, consider its gradient and the possibility of slips, especially in wet conditions. Make sure you’re following Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) specifications when installing any modifications.

The materials you choose can play a significant role in safety. Opt for non-slip flooring, especially in moist areas, like bathrooms. Ensure any paints or finishes are non-toxic and don't emit harmful fumes. The National Center for Environmental Health Strategies (NCEHS) offers some helpful guidance on this topic.

Ensure that modifications don't inadvertently block or hinder access to emergency exits. Make sure that there is more than one accessible exit in case one exit is blocked. Regardless of their mobility level, every household member should be able to evacuate quickly in emergencies.

Begin by listing all the modifications you believe your home needs. Once you have this list, categorize them into “essential” and “nice-to-have.” Modifications that benefit your child's safety and daily activities should always come first.

Get at least three estimates from contractors or providers for each essential modification. This will give you a clearer picture of the market rate and help you avoid overpaying.

Home modifications, like all renovations, can come with unexpected costs. It's wise to be prepared. Allocate 10% to 20% of your budget for these unforeseen expenses.

Setting up a GoFundMe account or applying for a grant can help finance your home modifications.

Opt for designs that can evolve with your child's needs. Features like adjustable shelves or modular furniture cater to their current requirements and can be easily reconfigured.

Contractors with experience in accessibility can offer valuable recommendations and ensure that changes comply with regulations. Before hiring a contractor, ask for recommendations and photos of their previous work.

• Use tactile markers for drawers and closets to help your child identify contents.
• Ensure there is adequate lighting, especially near reading or study areas. Install 60- to 100-watt light bulbs in all fixtures, unless different bulbs are determined to be more suitable for your child.
• Consider using talking clocks, alarms or digital assistants to assist with timekeeping.
• Arrange furniture so pathways are clear and secure electrical cords to prevent tripping hazards.

• Use tactile floor mats to indicate different areas and ensure safety.
• Install audible water temperature indicators and safety rails at the tub's edge or in the shower.
• Ensure toiletries are organized and consistently placed. Mark toothbrushes with rubber bands or tape for easy identification. If your child has difficulties with vision, toiletries can be labeled in Braille; tactile maps that use various felt shapes can also help children better understand the layout of the bathroom.
• Use towels and mats that contrast with the floor and fixtures. All mats should be slip resistant.

• Label appliances with tactile or Braille stickers for easy identification.
• Use contrasting colors for dishes and utensils to aid with visibility.
• Ensure sharp objects are stored safely.
• Set up an area where healthy snacks are readily available and keep everything in consistent locations for easy access.

• Use textured rugs to indicate different zones and ensure pathways are clear.
• Ensure furniture edges are soft or padded to prevent injuries.
• Remove low-lying objects, like coffee tables and ottomans, that could be tripping hazards.

• Use visual alarms or vibrating bed shakers for wake-up calls and emergency alerts.
• Ensure a clear line of sight to windows and doorways for visual cues.

• Install flashing light water temperature indicators.
• Use mirrors strategically to provide visual cues from multiple angles.
• Consider tactile floor mats to signal different areas.

• Use visual timers for cooking.
• Opt for appliances with visual or tactile alerts.
• Ensure that fire alarms have flashing lights in addition to sound.

• Use subtitles or closed captioning on TVs.
• Consider visual doorbell alerts.
• Ensure clear lines of sight to entrances and windows for visual cues.

• Ensure a clear path to the bed and other essential pieces of furniture for easy navigation.
• Opt for adjustable bed heights to facilitate transfers, making it easier for your child to get in and out of bed.
• Consider under-bed storage with a handle for wheelchair equipment or accessories to keep essentials within reach.
• Always keep electrical cords off the floor to prevent the wheels from getting caught in them.
• Install modifications on light switches to make them easier to reach.

• Install a roll-in shower with a bench so your child can easily access the shower area.
• Ensure sink and counter heights are wheelchair accessible, allowing for sink use.
• Use lever-style faucet handles for easier operation, making it simpler for your child to control the water flow. Alternatively, plastic devices that clip on the faucet can make it easier to reach.
• Place grab bars with rubber grips or grooves close to the shower, tub and toilet for extra support.
• Install modifications on light switches to make them easier to reach.

• Lower countertops or add adjustable-height sections so your child can easily prepare food or access items.
• Ensure appliances are at a reachable height, allowing your child to use them independently.
• Consider pull-down shelving for easier access, making it simpler for your child to reach items stored higher up.
• Place essential items in lower cabinets that your child can easily reach. Use bins that can slide in and out for easy access.
• Install modifications on light switches to make them easier to reach.

• Maintain open pathways for easy wheelchair maneuverability so your child can move freely.
• Opt for furniture with storage to minimize clutter and be sure to keep the space tidy.
• Ensure a clear line of sight to windows or entertainment systems, allowing your child to engage with the outside world or entertainment without obstruction.
• Install modifications on light switches to make them easier to reach.

• Use ramps to connect indoors to outdoors.
• Consider a raised garden bed for accessible gardening, allowing your child to engage in gardening activities. Put garden tools and watering cans on a nearby table so they can easily be reached.
• Ensure outdoor seating is wheelchair-friendly. Provide comfortable seating options, or spaces at outdoor tables that children can slide their wheelchairs up to.

• Choose nonslip materials like textured vinyl, hardwood or ceramic to prevent slipping hazards.
• Opt for laminate flooring for durability and ease of navigation.
• If using carpet, stick to low-pile options to ensure smooth wheelchair movement.

• Widen the front door (and all doorways) to at least 36 inches for easy access.
• Install an entrance ramp if stairs are present. Follow regulations to ensure a smooth transition into the home.
• Ensure walkways and sidewalks are level for safety.
• Provide ample space in the entryway for wheelchair maneuverability and consider motion-sensing lights for visibility. Consult the American National Standards Institute’s (ANSI) guidelines on accessibility to ensure this area up to accessibility standards.

• Use calming colors and minimalistic decor to reduce sensory overload.
• Consider a weighted blanket for comfort and sensory needs. However, keep in mind that this might not work for every child.
• Create a designated "safe space" or nook for relaxation.
• Avoid using fluorescent lighting; opt for incandescent or non-flickering LED lighting whenever possible.

• Use visual schedules for hygiene routines.
• Consider sensory-friendly bath toys or tools for grooming and bathing.
• Make sure the layout and placement of items remain consistent. Have extra products on hand in so you do not run out.
• Make electrical outlets safe by placing plastic covers over them.

• Label items with pictures or simple words to aid in identification.
• Use color-coded storage containers.
• Create a designated snack or meal area with a schedule to establish a routine.
• Install durable surfaces and keep breakables out of reach.
• Purchase and use plastic dishware.
• Arrange kitchen furniture to prevent climbing and ensure safety.
• Store cleaning supplies in locked drawers or cabinets.
• Put sharp items and potential hazards out of reach.
• Opt for appliances with safety features, such as child locks or hidden controls.

• Designate specific areas for activities, like a reading nook or play corner.
• Use soft lighting and avoid fluorescent lights to reduce sensory triggers.
• Have blankets and other comforting items available.
• Consider noise-canceling headphones or quiet zones for sensory breaks.
• Reduce visual stimulation with neutral or soothing colors.
• Organize items in see-through plastic bins with visual labels.
• Use visual signals, like colored tape, to set boundaries.

• Paint walls with neutral, soothing colors. Avoid bright, bold colors.
• Install light dimmers and use as much natural lighting as possible. Avoid flickering lights, such as any type of fluorescent lighting, and switch to LED lights.
• Keep the home free from clutter and unnecessary decor to reduce distractions.
• Avoid strong odors from candles or diffusers. Choose unscented cleaning and laundry products.

• Use soft, muted colors and minimalistic decor to create a serene atmosphere.
• Utiltize nightlights.
• Consider weighted blankets, soft sheets or textured pillows to cater to tactile needs.
• Use white noise machines or soft music to mask disruptive noises or provide auditory comfort.

• Ensure water temperature is consistent to avoid sudden shocks. Consider color-changing temperature indicators.
• Use textured bath mats or towels. Consider sensory-friendly bath toys or tools for grooming and bathing that vary in texture.
• Opt for adjustable lighting that allows your child to set their preferred brightness level.

• Label items with pictures or tactile markers to help with organization. Use clear containers to reduce visual clutter.
• Create a sensory exploration box with safe kitchen items of various textures, like a sponge, wooden spoon or silicone molds.
• Use silicone utensils or padded pot holders to reduce cooking or meal prep noise.

• Create specific areas for different activities, like a sensory corner with bean bags, a cuddle swing or tactile toys.
• Use soft lighting and avoid fluorescent lights. Consider curtains or blinds that can adjust the amount of natural light.
• Create a quiet zone or keep noise-canceling headphones on hand for auditory breaks.

• Incorporate plants with varied textures and scents in a garden. Consider a water feature for auditory and tactile stimulation.
• Create a sandbox or a tactile exploration area with materials like pebbles, sand or water beads.
• Introduce shaded spots as a retreat from overwhelming sunlight or visual stimuli.

• Make Regular Check-Ins. Review your expenses against the budget periodically. This helps to catch any overspending early and make necessary adjustments.
• Avoid Impulse Purchases. New gadgets and modifications are constantly being created; before buying these on an impulse, make sure you do adequate research. If your budget is really tight and you determine that a new item would be helpful, swap out something else on your wishlist.
• Review and Compare. Get multiple quotes and recommendations before purchasing items or hiring a contractor. This ensures you get the best value for your money.

• Self-Assess. Identify tasks within your skill set. Simple changes or modifications, like painting or installing basic fixtures, might not require professional intervention. Consider recruiting friends or volunteers from local organizations to help as well.
• Seek Educational Resources. Tap into online platforms, like YouTube or DIY blogs, that offer a wealth of tutorials that can guide you through various projects. Make sure they are reputable to ensure safety.

• Understand Your Policy. Review your homeowner’s insurance policy to determine coverage for home modifications.
• Consult. Speak with your insurance agent to clarify coverage details and get recommendations.
• Document. Gather necessary medical documentation to prove the necessity of modifications.
• Seek Pre-Authorization. Seek approval from your insurance provider before starting any modifications.

• Find Second-hand Markets. Look for materials or equipment in second-hand markets or online platforms, like Craigslist. You can often find gently used items at a fraction of the cost.
• Repurpose Existing Items. Before buying new, see if you can repurpose or adjust what you already have. For instance, rearranging furniture might eliminate the need for certain modifications.